Peninsular War
To know about the Peruvian war of Independence, it is important to know about the Peninsular War that took place in the early 1800’s between France and Spain, the UK and Portugal. The
Peninsular war was a military conflict between the alliance of Spain and France for the control of the Iberian Peninsula during
the Napoleonic Wars. Starting from
October 1807, Napoleon’s army began to attack Portugal. Portugal’s royal
household exiled to Brazil leaving the land to the English. Portugal and Northern Spain were occupied by the French, so Spanish Royal household was going to exile to
South America. Unfortunately, infighting occurred and Charles IV was dethroned
and Fernando VII, the son of Charles IV, was enthroned as king. On March 1808
in Madrid, when anti-France mutiny happened, Napoleon confined Fernando Vii and
enthroned his brother Joseph as king in June.
From August, English soldiers who landed in Spain and guerrillas that
had risen up threatened the French army. In 1810, French started to withdraw and in the Battle of Leipzig 1813, they lost completely. Napoleon realized that keeping
Spain continuously would be impossible and released Fernando VII. On March
1814, Fernando VII came back to Spain and became the king. During avionics,
leadership of Spain estimated the return of Fernando VII and enacted the “1812 Constitution.
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